Monitored and simulated variations in matric suction during rainfall in a residual soil slope   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aurelian C. Trandafir  Roy C. Sidle  Takashi Gomi  Toshitaka Kamai 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(5):951-961

This research combines field, laboratory and numerical investigations to estimate the development of a wetting front within a 1.2 m residual soil mantle on a steep forested slope during rainfall events. The field-monitored variations in matric suction due to rain-water infiltration during various events revealed that the maximum infiltration rate was much higher when the wetting front resided in the upper 20 cm of soil compared to the case when the wetting front advanced to depths > 20 cm. Laboratory investigations on soil hydraulic properties (i.e., soil water characteristic curve, and hydraulic conductivity) were useful to establish the parameters of a multilayer finite-element model for one-dimensional vertical infiltration. These parameters were subsequently calibrated by matching the predicted and field measured transient pore water pressure responses during actual rainstorms with irregular rainfall patterns. The calibrated simulation model was used to assess the migration of the wetting front under uniform rainfall with different intensities. Based on the numerical results, a hyperbolic equation was developed to predict the duration of uniform rainfall required for the propagation of wetting front to a certain depth for a given rainfall intensity. The proposed equation was subsequently tested against field-monitored advancements of the wetting front during real rainstorms with variable rainfall intensity.  相似文献   

Temporal-spatial climate change in the last 35 years in Tibet and its geo-environmental consequences   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Wei Liu  Qinghai Guo  Yanxin Wang 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(8):1747-1754

The climate change in Tibet has induced complex water resource and geo-environmental changes. Tibet is located in a unique geographical zone with the characteristics of middle-low latitude, high altitude and very low average air temperature, and the climate there has been changed both in time and in space under the effect of global warming. Except for two regions without data, the changes of both air temperature and rainfall in the last 35 years in Tibet exhibit evident zonational patterns. In general, air temperature increases higher from east to west, whereas rainfall changes from decrease to increase from south to north. Except for some areas in southern Tibet, the general increase of rainfall accelerated the rate of water cycle, and caused an increase in the gross amount of water resources in Tibet. Moreover, under the impact of climate change, the frequency of occurrence of landslide and debris flow has slightly increased in the high mountain–canyon regions of eastern Tibet. Also, the debris flow due to ice lake outburst has evidently increased in the plateau mountain–lake basin regions of southern Tibet. By contrast, desertification in the western plateau–lake basin regions of northern Tibet has been intensified.  相似文献   

基于霍顿下渗公式超渗产流计算几个问题的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

程银才  王军  李明华 《水文》2016,36(5):14-16

用霍顿下渗公式进行超渗产流计算,用迭代算法根据流域土壤含水量计算相应的下渗能力时发现:当土壤含水量较小时,迭代计算正常;当土壤含水量居中时,易发生迭代震荡现象;当土壤含水量较大时,极易发生迭代计算出错情况。对此,分析了迭代震荡和迭代计算出错的原因;提出了用算术平均法减小迭代震荡的问题;用限制震荡幅度结合算术平均法解决迭代计算出错的问题;同时,推导出了超渗产流模式下流域平均蓄水容量与霍顿下渗公式中三参数间的经验关系式。  相似文献   

Surface stone cover on desert hillslopes; parameterizing characteristics relevant to infiltration and surface runoff     

D. L. Dunkerley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(3):207-218

Surface stones are a common feature of desert hillslopes. They influence slope processes ranging from the interception and partitioning of rainwater to the dislodgement and transport of regolith particles. The aspects of a stone mantle which relate to these various influences are diverse, and include surface cover fraction, dimensions of the infiltration annulus, and geometric and packing effects. Analyses of the characteristics of stone cover at two study sites were made using photographic methods and are used to evaluate different means of reporting mean stone sizes. It is found that mean diameter based on weight, as conventionally employed in sieve analysis, is insensitive to important stone cover characteristics and may be influenced greatly by uncommon, large stones. Similarly, mean diameters based on count become inappropriate if large numbers of small stones dominate the calculated mean, concealing other site-to-site differences in stone cover. As a more appropriate parameterization of stone geometry, the use of mean diameters weighted by stone surface area and perimeter length are proposed. These weighting factors have the advantage that they relate closely to stone characteristics relevant to slope hydrology and erosion processes.  相似文献   

MATHEMATICAL　MODEL　OF　OVERLAND　FLOW　AND　MECHANISM　OF　SOIL　CONSERVATION　FOR　FORESTED　STEEP　HILLSLOPE－－（II）Mechanism　of　Soil　Conservation　Over　Steep　Hillslope     

WU Changwen  WANG Lixian 《国际泥沙研究》1995,(2)

ＭＡＴＨＥＭＡＴＩＣＡＬＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＯＶＥＲＬＡＮＤＦＬＯＷＡＮＤＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＳＯＩＬＣＯＮＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＦＯＲＥＳＴＥＤＳＴＥＥＰＨＩＬＬＳＬＯＰＥ－－（ＩＩ）ＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆＳｏｉｌＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＯｖｅｒＳｔ...  相似文献   

Large-scale fluid infiltration, metasomatism and re-equilibration of Archaean basement granulites during Palaeoproterozoic thrust belt construction, Ungava Orogen, Canada   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. R. ST-ONGE  S. B. LUCAS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(4):509-535

Abstract The metamorphic history of the Archaean Superior Province crystalline basement in the Palaeoproterozoic Ungava Orogen attests to the importance of structural and geohydrological controls on a retrograde amphibolite-granulite transition. Two distinct metamorphic suites, separated in age by nearly one billion years, are recognized in extensively exposed tonalitic to dioritic metaplutonic gneisses. The older suite comprises c. 2.7-Ga granulite facies assemblages (orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-hornblende-plagioclase-ilmenite ± biotite ± quartz) that record moderate pressures (±5 kbar) and high temperatures (±800° C). A younger, c. 1.8-Ga suite resulted from amphibolitization of the granulites and is characterized by regionally extensive amphibolite facies mineral zones that broadly parallel the basal décollement of the overlying Proterozoic Cape Smith Thrust Belt. Deformation/mineral growth relationships in the amphibolitized basement indicate that extensive hydration and re-equilibration of the Archaean granulites occurred during thrust belt deformation. The transition from granulite facies to amphibolite facies assemblages is characterized by the growth of garnet-hornblende-quartz ° Cummingtonite coronas between plagioclase and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene, as well as titanite coronas on ilmenite. Multi-equilibrium thermobarometry on the coronitic assemblages documents re-equilibration of the granulitic gneiss to 7.7 kbar at 644° C in the south and 9.8 kbar at 700° C in the north. The variably deformed, amphibolite facies domain sandwiched between the coronitic garnet zone and the basal décollement is marked by significant metasomatic changes in major element concentrations within tonalite. These changes are compatible with equilibrium flow of an aqueous-chloride fluid down a temperature gradient. The source of fluids for basement hydration/metasomatism is interpreted to be dehydrating clastic rocks in the overlying thrust belt, with fluid flow probably focused along the basal décollement.  相似文献   

Dissolution Precipitation Wave Structure of Hydrothermal Ore Zoning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yu Chongwen 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(1)

Ｄｉｓｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ　Ｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｗａｖｅ　Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ　ｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌ　Ｏｒｅ　Ｚｏｎｉｎｇ￥ＹｕＣｈｏｎｇｗｅｎ（ＦａｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＥａｒｔｈＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅ...  相似文献   

Rainfall interception and splash detachment with a Brussels sprouts plant: A laboratory simulation     

Christine A. Noble  R. P. C. Morgan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1983,8(6):569-577

Rates of splash detachment from a sandy soil of the Cottenham Series, subjected to a five-minute design storm of 50 mm/h with a kinetic energy of 127 J/m² and a median volume drop size of 3·2 mm supplied from a rotating-disc rainfall simulator, are determined without a plant cover and with the cover of a single Brussels sprouts plant. Measurements are made at regular intervals throughout the growing season. Plant canopies of 10 to 25 per cent result in reductions of 10 to 25 per cent in rainfall volume and 10 to 81 per cent in rainfall energy. The volume and energy of the rain beneath the plant are significantly (P < 0·05) correlated with its number of leaves (r = ?0·84 and ?0·92 respectively for n = 49). No reduction was observed in the rate of splash detachment which averages 1·2 kg/m² for the design storm with and without the plant. The detachment rate was found rather surprisingly to be inversely related to the energy of the rainfall under the plant and positively related to the number of leaves. As the number of leaves increases, so does the detachment rate per unit of rainfall energy.  相似文献   

江西德兴斑岩铜矿床扩散和渗滤作用理想模式分析     

唐元骏 《地球科学》1985,(2)

文章从介绍扩散和渗滤作用一般概念着手,根据德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿床之细矿脉形成过程中元素自矿脉向围岩发生迁移的这一事实,应用扩展的一维费克定律来模拟这一真实过程。并讨论了铜厂铜矿床形成过程中离子、络离子具线性等温线的纯扩散、纯渗滤和扩散与渗滤重叠情况,以及非线性等温线的纯扩散作用。  相似文献   

Effects of time under rain,sampling technique and transport of samples on size distributions of water-stable aggregates     

J. L. Cleary  R. J. Loch  E. C. Thomas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(3):311-318

Two methods for sampling aggregates in the soil surface under simulated rain were compared using two soil types. Results showed that aggregate size distributions obtained by spatula sampling were not significantly different from those obtained using rings buried in the soil surface, provided both were sampled to the same depth. The effect of transporting samples over a distance of 60 km was non-significant when samples were placed in bottles half-filled with rainwater and transported in an upright position. The per cent aggregates > 0.125 mm was found to be the most suitable index of aggregate stability for both soils.  相似文献